Relikte sind Arten, die einst in einem größeren Verbreitungsgebiet vorkamen. Durch spätere Klimaveränderungen zum Beispiel wurde das Verbreitungsgebiet in kleine, isolierte Teilgebiete zerlegt. Die Entfernung zwischen den Reliktformen und zum Hauptareal ist dann meist so groß, dass kein Genaustausch mehr stattfinden kann.
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