Auch als Kolumbus-Effekt bezeichnet, meint Columbian Exchange den Austausch von Waren und Produkten aus Flora und Fauna zwischen der östlichen (Asien, Europa, Afrika) und der westlichen (Nord- und Südamerika) Hemisphäre. Die Entdeckung Amerikas durch Christoph Kolumbus 1492 führte zu ökologischen Veränderungen in der Naturgeschichte Europas und Amerikas ab dem 16. Jahrhundert.
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