Folgen des Klimawandels: Brände
Vegetation fires are among the extreme events becoming more frequent and intense due to climate change, often with far-reaching consequences for entire animal communities. Image: Depositphotos (Kooperation)

Climate change study: how extreme events are increasing and animals will increasingly be affected multiple times

During an extreme heatwave in Australia, more than 72,000 flying foxes died within just a few days. The devastating Pantanal fires of 2019/20 are estimated to have killed 17 million vertebrates. Such events are no longer isolated cases. A new study, published in Nature Ecology & Evolution and led by

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Tokara-Laubsänger / Tokara leaf warbler (Phylloscopus tokaraensis)
A singing male Tokara leaf warbler (Phylloscopus tokaraensis). The species is restricted to a few islands of Japan's Tokara Archipelago south of Kyushu. Such island endemics often occupy only very small habitats and are therefore especially vulnerable to environmental change. Image: Per Alström, Uppsala University, CC BY, via EurekAlert!

Hidden diversity: Four newly recognized bird species from 2026

Even today, new bird species are still being discovered and described, although birds are among the comparatively well-studied animal groups. In many cases, however, these are not completely unknown animals, but species that were overlooked or misclassified for a long time. Only modern methods such as genetic analyses and bioacoustic

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bodenabhängige Arten: Regenwürmer
Earthworms are key actors in the soil ecosystem and stand in for a largely invisible biodiversity whose condition is still poorly understood. Image: Depositphotos (Cooperation)

Invisible extinction in the soil: one in five species is threatened (IUCN)

Beneath our feet lies one of the most important and at the same time least understood ecosystems on Earth. In a single handful of soil live billions of microorganisms, fungi, and invertebrate animals—so-called soil-dependent species that spend a large part of their lives in the soil or in the litter

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Europäische Süßwasserfische - Plötze und Rotfeder (Heinrich Harder / Emil Walter)
Historic depiction of European freshwater fish (Heinrich Harder)—the new IUCN Red List (2025) shows how severely the condition of European waters has deteriorated. Image: Walter, Emil, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons

IUCN Red List 2025: Europe’s freshwater fish in crisis—nearly 60% under pressure

Europe’s rivers and lakes are among the most heavily altered ecosystems in the world. Hardly any body of water remains unaffected—many have been regulated, dammed, or fundamentally transformed by human use. The updated IUCN Red List (2025)—the most comprehensive assessment of European freshwater fish in 15 years—makes the consequences of

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Bodensee-Kilch (Coregonus gutturosus) und ein Tiefseesaibling (Salvelinus profundus)
Historic depiction of the Lake Constance whitefish with the Lake Constance deepwater char (bottom left), which was rediscovered in 2016. Both lived in the deep areas of Lake Constance — a habitat that was severely affected by eutrophication in the 20th century. (© Walter, Emil, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons)

Lake Constance Whitefish: An example of species loss in alpine lakes

Species or just a form? The Lake Constance whitefish or kilch belongs to the genus Coregonus—a group of salmonids found in cool, oxygen-rich waters across the Northern Hemisphere. In Europe, they are known as Felchen, Maränen, Reinanken or Renken (whitefish). Hardly any other fish group is considered as taxonomically difficult: many forms have arisen only

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Mono-Lake-Tauchkaefer / Mono Lake diving beetle (Hygrotus artus)
Until its rediscovery in 2017, the Mono Lake diving beetle was known only from the male holotype collected in June 1917 (photo), which is now housed in the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard University in Cambridge, Massachusetts. (© Loggi at German Wikipedia., Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons)

Mono Lake diving beetle: missing for 100 years—and sought in the wrong place

A mistake with consequences For a long time, the case seemed clear: the Mono Lake diving beetle lived—so it was assumed—in Mono Lake in California’s Sierra Nevada. A lake that could hardly be more inhospitable: highly alkaline, extremely saline, and with conditions to which only a few specialized organisms can

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IUCN-Update: Antarktis-Bewohner leiden unter Klimawandel: Kaiserpinguin, Antarktischer Seebär, Südlicher See-Elefant
Emperor penguin, Antarctic fur seal and southern elephant seal: these three Antarctic species were reassessed by the IUCN, with the first two now classified as Endangered (EN) and the third as Vulnerable (VU)—a clear signal of the growing impacts of climate change. (© Wikimedia Commons – Pinguin: Ian Duffy UK, CC BY 2.0 / Seebär: Winky from Oxford, CC BY 2.0 / See-Elefant: Colorado State University Libraries, CC BY-SA 4.0)

IUCN warns: Climate change threatens emperor penguins, fur seals and elephant seals in the Southern Ocean

Antarctica and the adjacent subantarctic regions are no longer stable ecosystems. Climate change is causing sea ice to shrink, ocean temperatures to rise and food webs to falter—with direct consequences for the wildlife of the Southern Ocean. New IUCN assessments make it clear that even species adapted to extreme conditions,

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Vom Aussterben bedrohte Tierarten
Extremely rare species: northern sportive lemur, Devils Hole pupfish, and cherry-throated tanager (© Wikimedia Commons – Lemur: Edward E. Louis, Jr, CC BY-SA 4.0 / Fish: Olin Feuerbacher, Public Domain / Bird: Jens Bokelaar, CC BY-SA 4.0)

Which animals are threatened with extinction? These 8 species have fewer than 100 individuals

Species extinction is rarely an abrupt event. In many cases, the decline stretches over decades until only small, isolated remnant populations remain. Some of these species now survive with fewer than 100 individuals worldwide. Such extremely small populations are especially vulnerable to chance events, genetic impoverishment, and ongoing habitat loss.

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Wolterstorff-Molch (Cynops woltertorffi) - Natural History Museum (London)
The Yunnan lake newt was named by George Albert Boulenger (1905) in honor of the German geologist and zoologist Willy Wolterstorff, who worked extensively on the systematics of salamanders and newts. (© "1946.9.6.32-pic1" - Cynops wolterstorffi (Boulenger, 1905) Collected in China by The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London, CC BY 4.0, via GBIF)

Yunnan lake newt—a poorly documented extinction

A newt with a fish-like appearance At the beginning of the 20th century, John Graham collected several animal species previously unknown to science in the southwestern Chinese province of Yunnan. He sent the finds to London, where they were examined by George Albert Boulenger at the Natural History Museum. Boulenger,

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Wiederentdeckung von Anolis laevis in der Region San Martín in Peru
The Río Huallaga in the San Martín region in northeastern Peru. The smooth or swordsman anole (Anolis laevis) was rediscovered in the surrounding montane forests of this river system—a habitat now under severe pressure from deforestation and settlement. (© Josue Hermoza, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons)

Peru: Lizard with nose extension rediscovered after more than 150 years – Anolis laevis

In 1876, the American naturalist Edward Drinker Cope described a small lizard from the montane forests of northeastern Peru. What stood out most was an unusual appendage at the tip of its snout—a feature that set it apart from most other species. Cope originally described the species under a different

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